Gambling Addiction and Its Treatment
Gambling disorder is characterized by the inability to control gambling behavior, leading to unwanted and persistent gambling activities that disrupt individual, familial, or occupational functionality. In recent years, with the increased use of the internet, gambling disorder has been observed to rise even more due to online gambling activities (Yeşilay, 2021).
Gambling, briefly, is the act of playing games of chance for money or other gains. There are three elements in gambling:
Bet: The amount wagered as the cost of playing.
Uncertainty: The outcome of the game is unpredictable or not guaranteed.
Risk: The value of the bet is at risk because of the uncertain outcome. Gambling addiction is often associated with increased amounts of money spent on betting, the inability to stop gambling behavior, persistent thoughts about gambling, gambling taking precedence over other interests and daily activities, and continuing to gamble despite negative consequences.
The DSM-5 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders defines gambling disorder as follows:
Increasingly larger amounts of money spent on gambling
Withdrawal symptoms (restlessness, irritability)
Unsuccessful attempts to stop gambling
Constantly thinking about gambling
Gambling while experiencing distress (feeling desperate, guilty, overwhelmed, depressed)
Playing to win back what was lost
Lying about gambling
Negative impact on social relationships, work, or education
Dependence on others for financial support to overcome financial problems caused by gambling
Among the risk factors are male gender, starting gambling activities at a young age, geographical location, low socioeconomic status, co-occurring psychiatric diagnoses, family history of gambling, alcohol, and substance use disorders, adverse childhood experiences. The risk of suicide in gambling addiction is high, with suicidal ideation ranging from 17-80%, and at least one suicide attempt ranging from 4-23% (Ogel, Guliyev, Tekin, 2023).
In the treatment of gambling addiction, both outpatient and inpatient treatment options are available. Outpatient treatments may include individual therapy, group therapy, family therapy, family group therapy, self-help groups, and pharmacological treatment. In outpatient treatments, behavioral addictions are addressed during psychotherapy sessions, and the treatment compliance of both the individual and the family is crucial. The process is maintained through regular individual sessions and group therapies. The duration of treatment is recommended to be long-term, and the frequency of sessions is determined based on the severity of the disorder. Interventions cover various aspects such as the biological aspect of addiction, treatment motivation, cognitive distortions of the individual, relapse prevention, life organization, and personality characteristics (Ogel, Guliyev, Tekin, 2023).
Psk. Eda AYDIN YILMAZ
Clinical Psychologist
University: Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Psychology (High Honor Degree)
Specialization: Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim University, Institute of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology
Uzman Bilgisi
Yazıları
Is There Such a Thing as Coronaphobia, or Not!
“What if I’ve contracted the virus?” “What if I’m asymptomatic and pass it on to someone?” “If I go outside, it will definitely find me.” “I won’t be able to protect my child.” “Have I washed my hands enough?” “I think I didn’t wash for 20 seconds; let me wash them again.” … Hundreds of …
What is Stress? Symptoms and Treatment Methods of Stress
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Empathy: The Art of Understanding Others and Establishing Empathic Connection
The term “empathy” is briefly mentioned as “duygudaşlık” on the Turkish Language Association’s website, and in psychological sources, it is also referred to as “eşduyum.” The word “empathy” comes from the Greek word “empathia,” using the “em” prefix, which implies within or inside. “Pathia” means feeling, and thus, the word “empathia” gains its meaning as …
The Sense of Emotional Neglect
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Healthy Communication in Marriage
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Bedwetting (Enuresis)
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Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) in Children
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Fear, Anxiety, and Children
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Neurodevelopmental Disorders
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The Importance of Self-Care: Prioritizing Yourself and Self-Care Practices
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Psychological Resilience: The Power of Coping with Challenges
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Depression and Work Performance: How to Cope with Depression in the Workplace?
Depression, under the concept of melancholy, has come as one of the oldest terms in the realm of mental disorders. Hippocrates explained the biological origins of depression, suggesting its connection to an increase in black bile around 400 BC (Türkçapar, 2009). Complaints associated with depression can manifest in various forms, including disturbing mood, changes in …
Anger Management: Path to Achieving Healthy Inner Balance
Anger is a powerful emotion that all of us experience from time to time. It is a understandable reaction to various triggers such as disappointment or perceived injustice. While anger itself is not inherently negative, how we manage and express it can significantly impact our relationships, mental health, and overall quality of life. While anger …
From Yesterday to Today: Sexual Myths
As living beings, we require various resources to sustain our lives. In order to identify human needs, various studies have been conducted, and in 1943, Abraham H. Maslow introduced the “Hierarchy of Needs” into the literature. The hierarchy of needs consists of 5 levels, and Maslow argued that we move on to the next level …
What is Speech and Language Therapy?
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Effects of Depression on Adolescents and Support During the Adolescence Period
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Trauma: Is it Possible to Erase Painful Memories?
From the moment we are born, we seek to understand and make sense of the world around us. Frequently, especially during certain age groups of our children, we hear questions like “What is this? What is it for? Why does this exist?” All of these arise from our need for knowledge. When we learn something, …
What is Depression and Understanding Someone with Depression
Depression is a psychiatric disorder where individuals feel unhappy, pessimistic, worthless, guilty, and hopeless. It can be accompanied by sleep and appetite problems, fatigue, and a lack of sexual desire. People experiencing depression find it difficult to derive pleasure from life, feel disinterested even in activities they used to enjoy, and may also exhibit slowed …
Gambling Addiction and Its Treatment
Gambling disorder is characterized by the inability to control gambling behavior, leading to unwanted and persistent gambling activities that disrupt individual, familial, or occupational functionality. In recent years, with the increased use of the internet, gambling disorder has been observed to rise even more due to online gambling activities (Yeşilay, 2021). Gambling, briefly, is the …
What is Smiling Depression?
Smiling depression, also known as hidden or masked depression, is one of the subtypes of depression. Depression is a psychiatric disorder characterized by pessimistic thoughts, low mood, feelings of worthlessness, guilt, hopelessness about the future, unhappiness, an inability to enjoy life, and, often, disturbances in sleep and appetite. When we look at smiling depression, we …
Autism And Asperger’s Syndrome
Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder whose symptoms begin to appear in early childhood. In recent studies, it is mentioned that this disorder occurs as a result of the interaction of both genetic and environmental factors. Among the most important symptoms of autism are inadequate communication skills, reluctance/inability to relate and interact with people, and repetitive …
Winter Depression
Also known as winter depression, seasonal affective disorder or seasonal depression; It is a psychological disease that is triggered by the change of seasons, especially in autumn and winter, where the interest and desire of the person decreases, his thoughts, feelings and behaviors are negatively affected. Lack of sunlight, low temperatures, short days and being …
Childhood Masturbation
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Toilet Training in Children
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Study
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Growing by Playing – I Played, I Play, I Will Play!
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Online Classroom Kids
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Don’t Deliver Bad News
What is bad news? How does the news affect the field? How does it affect the reporter? 1995 World Medical Association Declaration of Patient Rights, Article 7; talks about the right to be informed. In 1998 Turkish Medical Deontology Regulation, Patient Rights Regulation, Article 3/15; speaks of this right. Bad news negatively affects the individual’s …
What is Anorexia Nervosa (AN)? What are the symptoms and treatment
Anorexia Nervosa is an eating disorder with symptoms such as refusal to maintain a normal weight for age and height, excessive fear of gaining weight, disturbance in body image, and cessation of menstruation. An intense fear of gaining weight is at the root of anorexia nervosa, accompanied by a refusal to even maintain a low …
Meditation and Mental Peace: Methods to Calm and Focus the Mind
Meditation is a term that corresponds to the concept of “deep thinking” in the dictionary sense. In dictionaries, the word meditation is defined as “inner peace of the individual, calmness”. Meditation is a spiritual purification technique in different cultures and religions. Thanks to concentration and alertness exercises, the individual rests his mind and soul. One …
Healing with Art
Art can also be used as a way of expressing our trapped emotions. We relax our souls by expressing the feelings and memories that we have difficulty in putting into words with various branches of art. It works to solve any problem, including unhappiness, couple and family problems, trauma, anger, separation pain, grief and loss, …
Anxiety in Children
According to TDK, anxiety; Sadness has been defined as a state of tension of unknown origin that occurs with worrying thoughts. In the Dictionary of Psychology Terms developed by TDK, anxiety; It is characterized as unsettling feelings and thoughts that appear when a strong desire or impulse seems to be unable to reach its goal. …
Stop Rumination!
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Why Is Life After Trauma Divided Into Before And After?
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The Effects of Parental Attitudes on Our Present Adulthood
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I love a lot! I Hate That So Much! “Ambivalence”
“I am not worthy of being loved anyway, no one I care about has valued me as much as I wanted/expected. I’ve never felt fully loved, exactly where I belong. Whenever I gave value in my relationship, the other party always abused it. I loved, I loved without giving up. When I love, I truly …
Child Longing
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Toxic Relationship
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Stockholm Syndrome – Falling in Love with Your Executioner
While the first thing we look for in relationships is love, loyalty and respect, in some cases, people can develop positive feelings towards people who do not respect themselves, who behave badly, sometimes even torture them, and who use physical or psychological violence. In this situation, which seems abnormal from the outside, how can a …
Why Always the Same Scenario, Always the Same Ending?
The classic ending as a result of relationships: “Why do I always find people of the same type” . Look at destiny. It’s like people are changing, but what happened, the whole scenario is the same, you can’t find happiness or true love. It’s like a vicious circle… Do these people find you by chance …
The Classic End of Relationships
The classic ending as a result of relationships: “Why do I always find the same type of people” . Look at destiny. It’s like people are changing, but what happened, the whole scenario is the same, you can’t find happiness or true love. It’s like a vicious circle. Do these people find you by chance …
Are We Afraid of Marriage or of Ourselves?
According to the researches, the marriage rate in Turkey has decreased by ten percent in the last year. Years ago, when people’s biggest dreams were to get married, have a family and have children, how did we become so afraid of getting married? Do you ever think about the courage in arranged marriages in the …
Mood Disorders
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Kids in Adults: Kids Mods
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Trauma Body
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Self-Fulfilling Prophecy
A self-fulfilling prophecy can be recognized in common language as “What I feared happened to me, I already knew it would happen”. Well, do you think it really happens to the person that he/she is afraid because he/she knows or because his/her intuition is high? Reply; No. Because the self-fulfilling prophecy does not arise from …
Auxiliary Element of Psychotherapy: Psychological Tests
Psychological tests, which are one of the methods that we use frequently in the clinic in order to get to know the individual closely, are measurement tools that allow the evaluation of a wide range of individuals, not only in a specific area. Although they are defined in different ways today, psychological tests are basically …
Effect of Divorce on Children
The process of divorce can show different psychological effects on children. The severity of these effects varies according to the age of the child, the way the child is informed about this issue, the communication within the family, the attitude of the parents, the mental state of the parents, the quality time spent with the …
What is Schizoid Personality Disorder?
Schizoid personality disorder is one of three personality disorders (the others are paranoid and antisocial PD). Diagnostic criteria in the latest edition of the DSM; dislike or unwillingness to enter into close relationships, including with family members; preferring activities in which they can be alone, showing little or no interest in intimacy with another person; …
Being a Mother
Being a mother is the most special process in human life that can experience all emotions at the same time. While many women can plan this process and prepare to become a mother emotionally, motherhood is a surprise for many women. Either way, it’s full of curiosity and anxieties. Motherhood is a state of great …
The Relationship between Sleep and Mental Health: The Importance of a Good Night’s Sleep
Sleep is among the basic physiological needs of living things. The purpose of sleep is to allow the body to rest and renew its energy. Sleep has an important role for the continuation of human life in a healthy way both physically and mentally. A quality night’s sleep helps to regulate the hormonal balance that …
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Fear, anxiety, stress and tension are emotions that everyone experiences. Fear is a normal reaction to the threat of danger. Fear has the function of warning and protecting us in real danger. Sometimes fears can also be present in safe situations. Fear is of no use in this situation. When these fears are intense and …
What is Social Phobia?
Social phobia, also known as Social Anxiety Disorder, is a type of anxiety disorder in which a person has an extreme fear of social situations. This fear stems from the fear of being criticized, watched, and judged by others. Social phobia comes in two forms. The common type is common if the fears involve many …
Domestic Violence
Are you being beaten? Are you scolded? Are you being banned? Are you bothered by your ex? Are you being forced into sexual intercourse or having your money extorted from you? Is your fiancee, spouse, ex-spouse, one of your children, or one of your family or friends responsible for all of this? Then you are …
Othello Syndrome
In the play “Othello”, written in 1603 by the English poet and playwright William Shakespare, the story of Othello, who thinks he has been cheated on by his wife and is jealous, is told (Shakespeare, 2008). The name “Othello Syndrome” started to be heard with an article published in 1955 (Todd and Dewhurst, 1955). Othello …
What is nomophobia? How Is Nomophobia Treated?
In recent years, thanks to technology, people can easily access all kinds of information. Depending on this situation, it is seen that individuals can do all their work very quickly and easily via telephone and internet. Individuals think that their work will be disrupted when they are away from the phone or the internet, there …
Eating Problem in Children
It is common for parents who complain that their children do not eat enough or less. Phrases such as “My child is playing with food instead of eating”, “My child eats his food very slowly”, “He refuses to come to the table at meal time”, “He says he is not hungry all the time, but …
The Suffering of Love
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Advice for Those with Dental Chair Phobia
Fear of the dentist or dental health services is one of the important health problems seen in society. This is a very distressing situation for both the health worker and the person. Because the fear experienced causes the person to never go to the dentist despite having problems in oral and dental health, or not …
The Leading Role in These Loves Is Not Happiness, but Anxiety!
We all need love throughout our lives. Just as a child who receives love and attention grows up happily, when he becomes an adult, he may be aware that this need is met since childhood. The love we project is just as important as the love we need. Everyone can have a “love style”, but …
What is Sabotage in Romantic Relationships?
You’ve been seeing someone new for a while. Your communication is great, you have a great time, you are also very compatible sexually. You are starting to spend more and more time. But at the same time, a disturbing voice inside of you is constantly telling you, “It will go wrong soon and everything will …
What is Online Therapy? Things to Know Before Online Therapy
Since the 1980s, the widespread use of technology and internet all over the world has caused some life practices to change and transform. Accessing many services over the internet has enabled us not only to be limited to the facilities where we live, but also to not waste time. Since the beginning of 2020, every …
Why Do We Repeat Our Past Relationships?
Each of us has from time to time asked ourselves questions such as why do such people always find me, why do I have similar problems in my relationships, will it always continue like this. In fact, we repeat similar patterns in our relationships, even if it makes us uneasy or challenging. In relationships, we …
What Is Self Compassion and What Is It Not?
Self-compassion is an attitude and determines one’s attitude towards one’s own feelings and thoughts. It consists of three basic components. These are self-kindness, common humanity, and awareness. Self-kindness is related to what the person says to himself and how he acts after the events he has experienced. In other words, does the person criticize himself, …
What is a lack of self-confidence and how does it occur?
Movements of Confidence Come First, Feelings of Confidence Second! Self-confidence is an important concept for communication and self-expression skills in one’s life. It includes the person’s evaluation of himself. Self-confidence has an impact on one’s attitudes and behaviors by influencing the way people relate. A person needs the skills to establish and maintain relationships with …
Reflections of the Phenomenon of Racism to Today: The New Racism
Racism is a political ideology that emerged especially in the political field at the end of the eighteenth century and has deep ties to modernism as well as capitalist ideology. When we look at the dictionary meaning, racism is defined as the doctrine that suggests that one race is superior to other races by reducing …
The Balance of Screen Addiction and Online Education in Children During the Pandemic Process
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Suggestions for Students with Exam Anxiety
Recommendations to the Student: To reduce anxiety, apply ONLY to professional people (Psychologists, psychiatrists, psychological counseling and guidance specialists) and professional institutions (Turkish Psychological Association, psychiatry clinics). Thinking that it will increase your performance, the drug you will use may reduce your attention and give you drowsiness. As a result, your performance drops and you …
Obsession – Compulsive Disorder What is “OCD”?
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Perfectionism, “All or Nothing”
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How Does Childhood Attachment Affect Adulthood?
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“Mature Children”: Children with Internalized Symptoms
Most adults have expectations that their children/students are “mature”. In fact, parents who have more than one child commonly make comparisons that one is “more mature” than the other, even when describing their children. When adults are asked to elaborate on the concept of “maturity” that they want their children to have, they say, “She …
Perfectionist Structures of Individuals and Parenting
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What is Borderline Personality Disorder?
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When Should I Go to a Psychologist?
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The Effects of Parental Anxiety on the Child’s School Motivation
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Reflection of Psychology on the Body: Somatic Symptom Disorders
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Our Child Brides Who Have Their Lives Taken From Their Hands
I have been dealing with issues involving child abuse, neglect and abuse since 1986. I think that marrying a child at the age of 13-14 to a person who is much older than him, who is the age of his father, uncle or even his grandfather, would constitute both neglect and abuse of the child, …
Children Are Afraid Adults Too
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A sense of belonging, ownership
The morning sun radiates light and sweet warmth with its rise. This light and warmth makes us watch the emergence of a magnificent work by fusing all the beauty of nature with each other. Nature moves in harmony with all its colors, no color excludes the other. They are all there to make each other …
Who is a Child and Adolescent Psychiatrist?
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The Forbidden Apple and Cognitive Evolution
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What is Vaginismus? What is not?
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Species Happiness is Possible in Partnership
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Panic Attack
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Approach to a Child with Autism
Autism is a developmental disorder that presents with findings such as limitation in social interaction, significant delay in communication level, limitation in interests and repetitive behaviors in children. This disorder usually begins to show signs before the 36th month, and it is 4 times more common in boys than girls. While the incidence of the …
An Unhappy Child Who Never Grows Up: Peter Sellers
From the moment we enter the movie theater, we step into a new world in the magical atmosphere of 7th art. At the door of the hall, the fights of daily life are left behind and we find ourselves in completely different lives from the moment the movie starts. We can be rich, poor, full …
What is Depression? What are the symptoms? How is the treatment?
The term ‘depression’ is one of the most used medical terms in daily life, for this reason; It has been the subject of many misunderstandings and misconceptions. It is highly probable that almost everyone will hear the phrase ‘I am depressed these days’ from their mouths at some point in their lives. So, is every …
Depression May Not Come With Drums
Depression’s low mood, reluctance, not enjoying life, introversion, crying, irritability can often be easily noticed and may lead you to consult a psychiatrist with the thought of “Am I getting depressed?” However, depressive illnesses may not always begin to manifest itself by playing the drums and horns. That is to say, depression is actually a …
The Hate Diary of a Psychiatrist
The sickly color of the city turned pale and reduced the will to live in people. In fact, outsiders say that the gloomy weather suits this city very well. For those who live here, it doesn’t really matter. They spend the day in the evening without complaining about each other’s same lives every day. My …
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
Psychotherapy; It is the general name of the techniques that aim to solve the cognitive, emotional and behavioral problems of individuals through verbal interviews with a trained professional and to protect and improve the mental health of individuals. Throughout the history of psychiatry, different types of psychotherapy have been developed in various periods, shaped according …
The Psychology of Attachment “I Can’t Live Without You”
I can’t live without him, we complement each other, I’m incomplete without him, I can’t imagine a world without him… These expressions, which we all hear or say personally in our daily life, may not be so innocent after all. Ranging from ‘I’m nothing without you’ to ‘it’s mine or the black soil’, these sentences …
Role Distribution in Life: Unloved
There are children who are not accepted, loved, and rejected by their mothers. They climb to their mothers, to love me, take care of me, take care of me. The more she climbs, the more the mother pushes, the more the mother pushes, the more the child clings to the mother. These kids cry for …
Attitudes of Parents in University Exams
University exams have increasingly become the nightmare of both young people and parents in our country. Many people who put all their hopes into these exams go into a serious stress environment before and after the exam. They are right. So it’s not an unwarranted stress. Children flock to psychiatrists at exam time. They have …
Mental Problems Disrupt Our Physical Health
Studies by scientists say that mental problems and related problems can lead to serious diseases in the body after a while. Examining the timing and course of certain diseases shows how connected we are to the people in our lives and how much we are affected by these relationships. The frictions, turmoil and disappointments experienced …
So Was It Time to Die?
I always thought of our country as one big family. Not every country is a family, but our country has always been a big family since the establishment of the Republic of Turkey. Although the population of this family increased very rapidly, new brides and grooms entered the family, some of them were our own …
People of a Huge Country Looking for Himself
I’ve been a curious person for as long as I can remember. I was like that in my childhood. I will never forget the day I started school. My mother had tied white ribbons to my braided hair hanging from both sides. It was as if I was knocking on the door of the world …
Loving Yourself
It is actually very difficult for a person to love and like himself because the beast inside us is insatiable. If we do three, he’ll want five more. Such is the nature of man, but if it were not so, we would all sit hand in hand. Nature probably knows these things better than any …
Betrayal
Betrayal is perhaps one of the greatest pains that human beings can experience in the world. Even poets, in poems and songs, are angry if you compare separation and betrayal with death, and they say that betrayal always hurts a person even more than death. Because in betrayal, there are infuriating and hurtful meanings such …
Always the Same Role
Our role in life begins the moment we are born. This first role, given to us by our mothers, fathers or very close relatives, sticks to us so much that we never leave that role as long as we live, even if the movies change or the scenarios are written differently. Then we call it …
Marriage, Middle Age, Lie
Usually all men are afraid before marriage. They flee as the prey flees the predator. They are afraid of being caught by the hunter. For a while, they see girls as husband hunters. They do not have such fears at a young age, long before the age of marriage. Then there is only love for …
Reflections of the Economic Crisis on the Human Spirit
The people of our country have been living with crises for years. I mean, it never even came out. Economic crises that occur every 8-10 years, natural disasters, terrorism, emerging corruption and wars surrounding our country… All these strengthen our people against all kinds of crises and increase their ability to stand under all conditions, …
A Mobbing Tragedy
The meaning of mobbing can be defined as psychological violence, pressure or harassment. Especially in places where there is a hierarchical structure, it is the powerful oppressing the underdogs or harassing them in various ways. This harassment can sometimes be done by using social and psychological pressure methods, and sometimes it can be in the …
Trauma-Associated Disorders
Trauma, in its most general definition, is a state of discomfort resulting from an unusual experience that has a lasting effect on the individual’s mental state and personality. It is possible to examine traumas in 2 types as short-term and permanent traumas. While short-term traumas occur as a result of sudden and non-continuous events such …
Drug Uses in Psychiatry
We can say that there is an extreme tendency towards medical drugs in our society. Most of the time, it is common to use medication based on the symptoms that occur in the body, even if it is not prescribed by a doctor. In cases such as a small cough, fever or headache, we resort …
Our Most “Popular” Schemes
The emotional needs of individuals that are not met, especially in childhood, play a role in the formation of certain schemas. Emotional deprivation: It results from the emotional neglect of a child’s primary caregiver, most often the mother. The idea that “I will never be loved enough” prevails. These people, knowingly or unknowingly, put emotional …
The Importance of Peer Relationships in Children
In early childhood, babies begin to show a marked interest in all other children. However, since the social skills necessary to play with other children are not yet fully developed, the first types of play are the ones they play alone. After a while, they start to play side-by-side games with their peers around the …
Divorce: A Psychological Perspective
One of the most common issues that parents want to receive counseling or therapy services for their children is the divorce process. Divorce, which is an undesirable situation in parental relations, can lead to different effects for each family structure. Depending on the attitudes and behaviors of the parents, it can be considered normal, on …
Deception And Abandonment
In my first years of working as a cheating and abandonment psychiatrist, that is, 25-30 years ago (in fact, I don’t like talking about such huge numbers when talking about past years, but unfortunately this is the truth) I only listened to women who were cheated on. These were women stabbed in the chest, that’s …
Our Current Psychology Publications
Is There Such a Thing as Coronaphobia, or Not!
“What if I’ve contracted the virus?” “What if I’m asymptomatic and pass it on to someone?” …
What is Stress? Symptoms and Treatment Methods of Stress
Stress, the natural reaction of the body during any moment of danger that requires adaptation or response, can be triggered …
Empathy: The Art of Understanding Others and Establishing Empathic Connection
The term “empathy” is briefly mentioned as “duygudaşlık” on the Turkish Language Association’s …
The Sense of Emotional Neglect
Emptiness The traumas individuals experience during childhood can leave profound marks on their lives. Neglect and abuse …
Healthy Communication in Marriage
Effective Ways to Solve Problems in Marriage – How Should Healthy Arguments Be? Marriage is the union of two individuals …
Bedwetting (Enuresis)
The term enuresis comes from the Greek word “enourein,” which means “to urinate.” Today, enuresis …
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) in Children
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in children is characterized by the constant and often prolonged repetition of certain …
Fear, Anxiety, and Children
Fear, Anxiety, and Children Many children experience fear and anxiety as a normal part of their development. They exhibit …
Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Neurodevelopmental disorders encompass a group of differences and disorders that affect the development of the nervous system, …
